Where:

Frosty Drew Observatory

When:

Friday June 2, 2017 at 6:00 p.m

Cost:

$1 Suggested Donation per Person

Tonight is Stargazing Night at Frosty Drew Observatory and forecasts are calling for clear skies after sunset. Being that the 65% waxing gibbous Moon will be with us until after 2:00 a.m., views of the Milky Way will not become visible until the Moon sets, though fabulous views of the cratered lunar surface will certainly rock our night. We have a slight chance of passing showers before sunset, which may interfere with our solar viewing session, though we should be set for a fabulous night of stargazing.

We will open the Observatory and Sky Theatre at 6:00 p.m. In the Observatory we will start off with views of the Sun in Hydrogen Alpha, enabling us to see the solar chromosphere where prominence and filaments are visible. Once the Sun sets we will direct our telescopes towards the night sky. Jupiter is on the top of our list sporting all four Galilean Moons and the Great Red Spot being visible from sunset until about 9:30 p.m. The Moon will frequent our telescopes tonight, showcasing fantastic views of the lunar terminator – the region where sunlight fades and night begins. Once 10:00 p.m. creeps in, Saturn will become quite visible to our telescope and will be the primary focus of our awesomeness. Saturn’s rings are at maximum tilt towards the Sun, making for best viewing of the top side of the rings in 30 years. In the Sky Theatre we will show our feature of celestial objects photographed at Frosty Drew Observatory. We will stay open until at least 11:30 p.m., possibly much later depending on what the sky is doing.

Overall, tonight is a fabulous night to be out under the stars. The bright 65% gibbous Moon will make it difficult to catch a view of the Milky Way, and nebulae, star clusters, and other deep sky objects will suffer the same viewing fate. Though stunning views of Jupiter, the Moon, and Saturn will make up for it. Considering we have had relentless clouds and rain, a clear night of astro-geekery is in high demand and will be a welcome change. So stop in tonight and welcome clear skies with a view of Jupiter’s storms, Saturn’s rings, or just a moment to connect with your inner astro-geek.

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Weekly Happenings
Scott MacNeill

On February 14, 1990, astronomer Carl Sagan directed the Voyager 1 spacecraft to turn around and capture a photograph of the Earth from a distance of 3.7 billion miles. The captured photograph is the famous Pale Blue Dot image. I recently revisited the narrative he gave on that image and the following passage persisted in my mind yesterday:

“The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.
[…] There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.”

Earth’s remarkable greenhouse is a significant requirement for the thriving life that makes up our world. Understanding the basic mechanism of how the greenhouse effect works is critical in understanding our planet. It is a crucial part of Earth’s ecosystem and keeps us from experiencing vast drops in temperature after sunset.

In Earth’s atmosphere there are greenhouse gasses and non-greenhouse gasses. Basically what differentiates these types of molecules are how they interact with infrared light (heat). Non-greenhouse gasses like nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) are largely unaffected by infrared light. Greenhouse gasses like water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) absorb infrared light and re-emit it. As sunlight encounters Earth, it is either reflected back to space (icy and snowy regions) or absorbed by the planet (darker regions like bodies of water and land). Absorbed sunlight is re-emit as infrared light and escapes back out to space. During this process infrared light will encounter a greenhouse gas before reaching space and will be absorbed and re-emit by that molecule. This process of absorption and emission will continue until the infrared light stops encountering greenhouse gasses and escapes to space.

Increasing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere will also increase the number of greenhouse gasses infrared light encounters before escaping to space. This will keep infrared light in the atmosphere for an extended period. Though absorption of sunlight by the planet does not slow down. The result is an increase in global average temperature as more infrared light collects in the atmosphere.

As the average temperature of the planet increases, we see a resulting increase in the loss of ice due to melting around the poles. Being that these icy and snowy regions reflect the most sunlight, absorption of sunlight by the Earth will increase. This will result in an increase of infrared light emit by the planet. Additionally, as temperatures rise, more water on Earth remains in vapor state, which is a greenhouse gas (H2O), contributing to the slowing of infrared light’s escape to space. This is called water vapor feedback.

So how are greenhouse gasses naturally balanced on Earth? One process is the photosynthesis of plants, which transform carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. This process releases oxygen (non-greenhouse gas) as a bi-product. Though human efforts to build additional infrastructure for industrial scale cattle ranching (feed lots) or for the processing of commercial products (soy beans, palm oil) are driving the deforestation of these habitats while significantly increasing the production of greenhouse gasses at the same time. Another natural process is the absorption of carbon dioxide by Earth’s oceans. Once absorbed, carbon dioxide will encounter water molecules (H2O) , eventually leading to the release of an hydrogen ion. This increases the acidification of Earth’s oceans.

This is the very essence of climate change. This discovery is a product of the work of thousands of scientists over hundreds of years of discoveries. The same science that enables seedless bananas, controlled flow of free electrons, the small pox vaccine, open heart surgery, etc is how we discovered this change in Earth’s delicate greenhouse.

If 97% of doctors tell you that the cancer will kill you if you do not start chemotherapy, would you call them alarmists?
If 97% of auto mechanics tell you that your engine will seize and leave you stranded if you do not regularly change your oil, would you accuse them of fear mongering?
If 97% of meteorologists tell you to prepare for the coming category 5 hurricane, would you accuse them of using scare tactics to secretly drive up profits for their industry partners?
If 97% of your company’s IT department tells you not to send your bank account number in reply to the email from the Bangladesh banker who wants to share their millions of dollars with you, would you follow the advice of the bar tender that says your IT department is fanatical?

97% or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position.

-Scott